Carnatic music
The present form of Carnatic penalization is based on historical developments that can be traced to the 15th - 16th centuries AD and thereafter. From the ancient Sanskrit works available, and the epigraphical evidence, the history of classical singable traditions can be traced back about 2500 years. Carnatic penalization is completely melodic, with temporary variations. The important emphasis is on vocal music; most compositions are cursive to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in a singing style (known as gāyaki). Like Hindustani music, Carnatic penalization rests on two important elements: rāga, the modes or melodic formulæ, and tāḷa, the rhythmic cycles.
Purandara Dasa is credited with having founded today's Carnatic Music. He systematized the teaching method by framing a series of graded lessons such as swaravalis, janta swaras, alankaras, lakshana geetas, prabandhas, ugabhogas, thattu varase, geetha, sooladis and kritis. He introduced the Mayamalavagaula as the basic scale for penalization instruction. These are followed by teachers and students of Carnatic penalization even today. Another of his important contributions was the fusion of bhava, raga and laya in his compositions.
Purandara Dasa was the prototypal composer that started commenting on the daily life of the grouping in compositions. He incorporated in his songs popular folk language and introduced folk ragas in the mainstream. The most important contribution he prefabricated was the fusion of bhava, raga and laya into organic units.
He also composed a large sort of lakshya and lakshana geetas, many of which are sung to this day. His sooladis exhibit his mastery of the techniques of music, and are considered an authority for raga lakshana. Scholars attribute the standardization of varna mettus every to Purandaradasa.
Purandaradasa's epoch was probably the beginning of Carnatic music's movement towards krithi based classical penalization (one of its characteristic characteristics compared to Hindustani). The peripatetic dasas who followed him are believed to hit followed the systems he devised, as well as orally passing down his compositions.
Purandaradasa was a performer, a musicologist and the father of Carnatic singable pedagogy. He is credited with having elevated Carnatic penalization from religious and devotional penalization into the realm of a performing art. For every these reasons and the enormous influence that he had on Carnatic music, musicologists call him the \"Sangeeta Pitamaha\" or the granddaddy of Carnatic music.
Popular Carnatic vocalists of today include M. Balamuralikrishna, Nithyashree Mahadevan, Sudha Ragunathan, P. Unni Krishnan, Aruna Sairam, Priya Sisters, S. Sowmya, Sanjay Subrahmanyan, Sreevalsan J. Menon, Bombay Jayashri Ramnath, Ranjani & Gayatri, Vijay Siva, O. S. Arun, O. S. Thyagarajan, T. M. Krishna, Malladi Brothers - Sriram Prasad & Ravikumar, Sriram Parasuram & Anuradha Parasuram, Sikkil C. Gurucharan, Vishakha Hari, S. Kasthurirangan and Singapore V.S.Hari.
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